Beware of Compressed Air - It Can Be Dangerous
Compressed air is widely used in industry to power pneumatic tools such as air hammers, nail guns, and pneumatic wrenches. The line pressure needed to operate such tools is typically between 85 and 125 pounds per square inch (psi). Compressed air is frequently used by workers for the purpose of cleaning or dusting the work areas, materials, or machines with which they are working.
Most safety issues with compressed air arise due to the high pressures involved. Pressurized air can be very dangerous in the workplace. In the past, either by accident or as a result of a practical joke, workers have been subjected to the high-pressure air stream. If this air stream comes in close contact with exposed skin, it may penetrate the skin and enter the blood stream. Air bubbles may then proceed to the brain causing immediate death. In addition, there is danger from flying debris or particles which can result in eye injuries, cuts/scrapes or other significant injuries to almost any body part.
Alternate methods of cleaning surfaces should be sought like using a brush or a vacuum cleaner. Compressed air may be used if no alternate method of cleaning surfaces is acceptable. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.242(b) addresses the hazards of compressed air used for cleaning. OSHA requires that the downstream pressure of compressed air must remain at a pressure level below 30 psi whenever the nozzle is dead ended (meaning if the tip is blocked) and then only when effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment are used.
NOTE: Under no circumstances may workers use compressed air to clean off clothing or any part of their body. Pressures as low as 5-10 psi have been known to cause serious injury. The OSHA regulation pertains only to the cleaning of parts or objects, NOT PEOPLE.
How Compressed Air Damages the Human Body
Compressed air can damage the human body in a variety of ways. Whenever compressed air enters or contacts your body, you are putting yourself at risk of significant health complications. Here are a few examples of the dangers of compressed air:
Compressed air accidentally blown into the mouth can rupture the lungs, stomach, or intestines.
The high-decibel sound of compressed air blown in or near the ears can cause permanent hearing loss.
Compressed air can enter the navel, even through a layer of clothing, and inflate and rupture the intestines.
Compressed air can enter the bloodstream, and death is possible if it makes its way to blood vessels in the brain.
As little as 12 pounds of compressed air pressure can blow an eye out of its socket.
Anyone familiar with compressed air used for scuba diving also knows about the potential for air embolisms. Embolisms are a condition where air bubbles enter the bloodstream and block blood vessels or arteries, with the potential to cause paralysis, induce a coma, or even cause death. While incorrect diving procedures are the most common cause of air embolisms, there is also a risk of an embolism when compressed air is misused at high pressures. Although unlikely, high-pressure air can be forced into the bloodstream through cuts and abrasions. It is improbable, but why even take the risk?
All the health risks outlined above are easily preventable: don’t use compressed air to clean off your clothing or any part of your body. A brush or a vacuum cleaner should be used instead.
Please do not hesitate to contact ACS with any questions regarding the proper use of compressed air.